Active and Passive Voice in English Grammar
Active and Passive Voice in English Grammar
Active Voice এবং Passive Voice English grammar-এর খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ topic। Active Voice-এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে, আর Passive Voice-এ subject কাজটি গ্রহণ করে বা কাজটি subject-এর উপর করা হয়। Bengali learnersদের জন্য voice শেখা জরুরি, কারণ exam, writing, formal English, report writing এবং sentence transformation-এ active-passive voice খুব বেশি ব্যবহার হয়। এই lesson-এ আপনি active voice, passive voice, structure, tense-wise passive rules, object-subject change, by phrase, pronoun change, common mistakes, practice এবং quiz সহজভাবে শিখবেন।
এই Lesson-এ যা শিখবেন
Grammar Series Navigation
এই lessonটি tense support series, Grammar homepage এবং next grammar lesson-এর সাথে connected করা হলো।
Active Voice এবং Passive Voice কী?
Voice shows whether the subject does the action or receives the action.
Tense Series-এর সাথে Connection
Passive Voice শেখার আগে tense জানা খুব জরুরি, কারণ passive sentence-এ be verb tense অনুযায়ী change হয়। তাই tense series complete করার পরে Active and Passive Voice শেখা সবচেয়ে logical next step.
Active Voice
Active Voice-এ subject কাজটি করে।
Meaning: রহিম একটি চিঠি লেখে।
Passive Voice
Passive Voice-এ subject কাজটি গ্রহণ করে।
Meaning: একটি চিঠি রহিমের দ্বারা লেখা হয়।
সহজভাবে মনে রাখুন: Active sentence-এ “কে কাজ করছে” বেশি important. Passive sentence-এ “কাজটি কী হয়েছে” বেশি important.
Passive: English is taught by the teacher.
Active: My mother cooked rice.
Passive: Rice was cooked by my mother.
When Do We Use Passive Voice?
নিচের card-গুলোতে click করলে passive voice-এর use সহজভাবে দেখাবে।
Action is Important
The road was repaired.
Doer is Unknown
My phone was stolen.
Formal Writing
The report was submitted.
Doer Not Important
The room was cleaned.
Process Description
Water is heated.
Exam Grammar
Active to Passive.
Active to Passive Voice Structure
Passive voice বানানোর মূল formula খুব সহজ: Object আগে আসে, তারপর be verb + V3 হয়।
Passive: Object + be verb + V3 + by + Subject
| Part | Active Sentence | Passive Sentence | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Rahim | by Rahim | Active subject passive-এ by phrase হয়। |
| Verb | writes | is written | Passive-এ be verb + V3 ব্যবহার হয়। |
| Object | a letter | A letter | Active object passive subject হয়। |
| Final Sentence | Rahim writes a letter. | A letter is written by Rahim. | Object সামনে, be verb + V3, by + doer. |
Very Important Rule
Passive voice-এ main verb সবসময় V3 / past participle হয়। Verb-এর tense passive-এ be verb-এর মাধ্যমে বোঝানো হয়।
Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice বানানোর 5টি Step
এই steps follow করলে active-passive transformation অনেক সহজ হবে।
Step 1
Object খুঁজুন
Step 2
Object সামনে আনুন
Step 3
Correct be verb বসান
Step 4
Main verb V3 করুন
Step 5
by + doer যোগ করুন
Final
Passive sentence complete করুন
Active and Passive Voice Rules by Tense
Passive voice শেখার জন্য tense-wise be verb change জানা সবচেয়ে important.
| Tense | Active Structure | Passive Structure | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | Subject + V1/V5 + Object | Object + am/is/are + V3 | He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| Present Continuous | Subject + am/is/are + V-ing + Object | Object + am/is/are being + V3 | He is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by him. |
| Present Perfect | Subject + has/have + V3 + Object | Object + has/have been + V3 | He has written a letter. | A letter has been written by him. |
| Simple Past | Subject + V2 + Object | Object + was/were + V3 | He wrote a letter. | A letter was written by him. |
| Past Continuous | Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object | Object + was/were being + V3 | He was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by him. |
| Past Perfect | Subject + had + V3 + Object | Object + had been + V3 | He had written a letter. | A letter had been written by him. |
| Simple Future | Subject + will + V1 + Object | Object + will be + V3 | He will write a letter. | A letter will be written by him. |
| Future Perfect | Subject + will have + V3 + Object | Object + will have been + V3 | He will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by him. |
| Modal Verb | Subject + modal + V1 + Object | Object + modal + be + V3 | You should complete the work. | The work should be completed by you. |
Note for Beginners
Future Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous এবং Future Perfect Continuous-এর passive form খুব uncommon বা awkward হয়। Beginner learnersদের জন্য common passive structures আগে শেখা বেশি useful.
Important Active Passive Voice Rules
নিচের tabs থেকে active-passive-এর important rules সহজভাবে শিখুন।
Object Rule
যে active sentence-এ object আছে, সেই sentence passive করা যায়। Object passive sentence-এর subject হয়।
Passive: A book is read by her.
Be Verb Rule
Passive sentence-এ tense অনুযায়ী be verb change হয়। যেমন is, are, was, were, been, being, be.
V3 Rule
Passive voice-এ main verb সবসময় V3 হয়। এটি সবচেয়ে important rule.
make → made
break → broken
teach → taught
Pronoun Change Rule
Active subject passive-এ by phrase হলে pronoun object form হয়।
We → us
He → him
She → her
They → them
By Rule
By + doer ব্যবহার করা হয় যখন doer important হয়। Doer unknown বা unimportant হলে by phrase বাদ দেওয়া যায়।
The window was broken. = doer not important
No Passive Rule
যে verb-এর object নেই, সেই sentence সাধারণত passive করা যায় না।
She laughs. ❌ Passive possible নয়
They arrived. ❌ Passive possible নয়
Active Passive Voice Pronoun Change Chart
Active subject passive sentence-এ by phrase হলে pronoun change করতে হয়।
| Active Subject | Passive by Phrase | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | by me | I wrote the letter. | The letter was written by me. |
| We | by us | We cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned by us. |
| You | by you | You completed the work. | The work was completed by you. |
| He | by him | He broke the glass. | The glass was broken by him. |
| She | by her | She cooked rice. | Rice was cooked by her. |
| They | by them | They made a mistake. | A mistake was made by them. |
Bengali Learnersদের Common Active Passive Mistakes
Passive voice-এ learnersরা be verb, V3, by phrase এবং object নিয়ে বেশি ভুল করে।
A letter written by him. ❌
A letter is written by him. ✅
Passive voice-এ be verb বাদ দেওয়া যাবে না।
A letter is write by him. ❌
A letter is written by him. ✅
Passive voice-এ main verb V3 হবে।
The work completed by me. ❌
The work was completed by me. ✅
Simple Past passive: was/were + V3.
The room is cleaning by her. ❌
The room is cleaned by her. ✅
Simple Present passive: is/am/are + V3.
The book was written by he. ❌
The book was written by him. ✅
By phrase-এ pronoun object form হবে।
He sleeps. → He is slept. ❌
He sleeps. = Passive possible নয়। ✅
Object না থাকলে সাধারণত passive করা যায় না।
Active and Passive Voice Practice
নিচের exercises করে active-passive transformation practice করুন।
A. Change Active Voice into Passive Voice
B. Change Passive Voice into Active Voice
C. Quick Quiz
This Lesson Belongs to These Grammar Topics
Main Grammar homepage-এর card/topic structure-এর সাথে এই lesson connect করা হলো।
Voice
এই lesson voice category-এর main lesson.
Sentence Transformation
Active থেকে passive এবং passive থেকে active change শেখায়।
Tense Connection
Passive voice tense অনুযায়ী be verb change করে।
Exam Grammar
School, college এবং admission exam-এর জন্য useful.
EngLrn Grammar Lesson Sequence
এই lessonটি Grammar Series-এর আটাশতম main lesson হিসেবে tracked করা হলো।
Lesson Complete?
এই lesson complete হলে Grammar Lesson #29: Direct and Indirect Speech in English Grammar পড়ুন।
Active and Passive Voice নিয়ে সাধারণ প্রশ্ন
Beginner learnersদের common questions-এর সহজ উত্তর।
Active Voice কী?
Active Voice-এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে। Example: Rahim writes a letter.
Passive Voice কী?
Passive Voice-এ subject কাজটি গ্রহণ করে বা কাজটি subject-এর উপর করা হয়। Example: A letter is written by Rahim.
Passive Voice-এর basic structure কী?
Basic structure হলো Object + be verb + V3 + by + Subject. Be verb tense অনুযায়ী change হয়।
সব sentence কি passive করা যায়?
না। সাধারণত শুধু transitive verb বা object আছে এমন sentence passive করা যায়। Object না থাকলে passive করা যায় না।
এই lesson-এর পর কোন lesson পড়ব?
এই lesson-এর পর Direct and Indirect Speech in English Grammar পড়া উচিত, কারণ sentence transformation শেখার জন্য এটি logical next topic.
Active and Passive Voice in English Grammar for Bengali Learners
এই lesson-এ Bengali learnersদের জন্য Active and Passive Voice in English Grammar সহজভাবে ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়েছে। Active Voice-এ subject কাজটি করে, আর Passive Voice-এ subject কাজটি গ্রহণ করে। Passive voice শেখার জন্য tense, object, be verb, V3 এবং by phrase ভালোভাবে বুঝতে হয়।
এই post-এ active passive voice meaning, structure, rules, tense-wise passive chart, pronoun change, by phrase, transitive verb rule, common mistakes, practice exercises এবং quiz দেওয়া হয়েছে। Learners এই lesson ব্যবহার করে exam grammar, sentence transformation, spoken English এবং writing accuracy improve করতে পারবে।
